Arts+and+Sciences+Flourish+in+the+Muslim+World

toc =__**Muslim Medical advances**__= During the Muslim golden age, various advances were made in the medical field. For instance, al-Razi, a great physician in the muslim world, wrote //The Co// mprehensive book//, a collection of medical knowledge from around the world along with his experience, compiled into one encyclopedia. He also placed pieces of meat around baghdad, and if a piece of meat spoiled slowly, than that area's air was clean, and more beneficial to patients. al-Razi is also credited for the encyclopedia called// Treatise on Smallpox and measles. //Another revolutionary physician was Ibn Sina, who wrote// Canon on Medicine//, a book whose information of medicine would be the European standard for the next five hundred years.//
 * Matt Harmon**

= = =Advances in Math and Science= Muslims of the golden age were also skilled scientists and mathematicians. Muslims introduced scientific observation and experimentation. Unlike the Greeks, who made conclusions based on logic and thought, Muslim scientists did extensive research and tests to draw conclusions, using scientific observation and experimentation. O ne could say they were major contributers to the current scientific process (hypothesis-test-conclusion) This process greatly helped in making new discoveries in astronomy, a field in which observation is the only way of drawing conclusions. In Muslim astronomy, the astrolabe was also invented, which was a small disc that measured the angles of the sun along with the stars that could tell which way was north and south. The astrolabe was important in this way because it could help one find which direction to pray towards Mecca. Additionally, the Greek theory that the entire universe along with all of its planets, rotated around earth, was picked away at by Muslim astronomers, and was revealed to have many flaws. Ibn al-Haytham, a very intelligent Mathematician, studied optics, and wrote the book //Optics// which changed the way people saw vision. Ibn discovered that people see objects because light bounces off of objects to the eyes, not the eyes to objects. Possibly the most important person in mathematics was named al-Khwarzimi. He created " the art of bringing together unknowns to match a known quantity" this process he called //al-Jaber// or what we know today as Algebra.

Al Khwarizimi
Al Khwarizimi was born In Baghdad around late 700 C.E. and was was a scholar at the Baghdad House of Wisdom. He and his colleagues translated many texts into arabic, as well as study geometry, astronomy and algebra. As mentioned before, Al-Khwarizimi did much of his work on Algebra and one of his written works, Al-Jabr is where we get the name from. From this pioneers own name, the word, algorithm is derived because of his great contributions to algorithm. He was also among the first to use zero as a numb er along with all Natural Numbers, and he was. As well as mathematical things, Al-Khwarizimi was the first to find lines of latitude for geography by using instruments from astronomy. Al-Kwarizimi was truly great pioneer of the sciences and contributer of a great many things over the course of one man's life.

BBC-Islam and Science 3: Power of Doubt 3/6 (Video on Muslim astronomy. Stop watching when it talks about excavating) = = =__**Philosophy and Religious Development**__= Muslim Philosophy is, obviously, largely affected by the muslim religion of Islam. Many scholars at the House of Wisdom would translate works of famous, past philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. Ibn Rushd, a philosopher from the 1100's did this and used Greek philosophy to gain a heightened understanding of the shari'a, the sacred law of Islam, butbecause of religious sensitivity, religious thinkers hated him for trying to interpret Islamic text with Greek philosophy. Though, it was understood by Ibn Rushd that religion and Philosophy are both methods of seeking spiritual truth, and that is a very important realization. However, this did not stop Jewish philospher, Moses Ben Maimon, who lived at the same time as Ibn Rushd, because Maimon proceeded to pursue the mixing of religion and Philosophy in his book, //The Guide for the Perplexed.//

=__**Muslim Literature development**__= Literature In the Muslim world had a lot to do with religion, seeing as their most important religious tool was the Qur'an. Muslim poetry was largely inspired by Muhammad and many works of literature. The Great Caliphs and other important Islamic figures were written about. The Sufis were exceptional writers and also focused on the Islamic religion, writing about god and their religious experiences. Great Muslim poet Rumi describes his experiences with god. You may know, the story of Ali Baba and the Fourty thieves as well as Aladdin (Like the Disney cartoon film) was originally from a collection of Literature called //The Thousand and One Nights.//

=__**Bilbliography**__= "Abu Ja'far Muhammead ibn Musa A-Khwarizimi ." history.mcs.st. School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland, July 1999. Web. 21 Jan. 2011. . This site had extensive knowledge about the life of Al-Khwarizimi, his collegues, and individuals in his life that affected him. Of course it listed all of his astronomy and mathematical achievements.

Watkins, Jeffery. "Goden Age of Islam." ////regentsprep.org////. N.p., May 2003. Web. 21 Jan. 2011. . This site is useful for general supplementary knowledge for the muslim golden age. It tells of various advances made in the Muslim golden age, in brief paragraphs.

McDougal Littell. ////World History: Patterns of Interaction////. Boston, Evanston, Dallas: McDougal Littell, 1999. Print. This World History textbook has a collection of events in places throughout history.